Adeel Abbas LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the structure of nucleotides, different types of nitrogenous bases and functions of nucleotides. Definition Nucleotides are organic compounds that make up nucleic acids. They are building blocks of DNA. Nucleotides are essential parts of DNA, RNA, and cell function and perform many functions based on their structure. … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the introduction to nucleic acids their structure, biosynthesis and functions. Definition A nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides that stores genetic information in the cell. Nucleic acids are also known as polynucleotides. It is a large molecule that is made of many small molecules called nucleotides. … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the discovery, abundance, properties and uses of helium element. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and monoatomic noble gas. It is present at the top of the noble gas group and is the least reactive of all … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the causes, process and characteristics of denaturation of proteins. Definition The disorganization of the native structure of proteins is known as denaturation. It involves the breaking of many weak linkages and bonds. Denaturation destroys the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins. It affects the chemical, physical … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the tertiary, quaternary structure of proteins and their characteristics. Tertiary structure of proteins The three dimensional structure of proteins is known as tertiary structure of protein. The tertiary structure is formed due to interaction between R groups of amino acid that make up proteins. The protein folds … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the secondary structure; alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structure and their properties. The conformation of the polypeptide chain formed by twisting and folding is known as the secondary structure of proteins. The amino acids are close to each other in the secondary structure. There are two … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the primary structure of proteins, peptide bond and determination of primary structure. The linear sequence of amino acids forming the polypeptides is known as the primary structure of proteins. The polypeptide containing more than 50 amino acids is termed “protein”. Each protein has a unique sequence of … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the functions of essential and non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids The essential amino acids perform the following functions: Histidine is a precursor of various hormones which are essential for the function of the kidney, neurotransmission, and gastric secretion. Histidine also plays role in the immune system. … Read more
The compound that changes color when exposed to basic solutions is an indicator. Adding color indicators to the reaction mixture can help to identify the titration endpoint. Tarpachite is another name for Potassium chromate K2CrO4 and is a yellow orthorhombic or hexagonal crystal that can be found at room temperature. The yellow compound that comes … Read more
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this article, author has explained the introduction, structure and broad classification of amino acids. Definition The group of organic compounds which contain two functional groups; amino and carboxyl groups are called amino acids. The amino group is basic while the carboxyl group is acidic in nature. The elements that are present in … Read more