Introduction to maltose-Structure-properties-applications-Benefits-Drawbacks

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this article, author has explained introduction, structure, physical and chemical properties, benefits and drawbacks of maltose

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two monosaccharides. In other words, it is a combination of two units of glucose molecules.

The structure of this molecule is similar to sucrose, a disaccharide. But the difference between maltose and sucrose is that maltose is sweeter than sucrose. Sucrose is made up of glucose and fructose, while maltose consists of two units of glucose.

Maltose sugar is the type of carbohydrate which is also known as alpha-maltose. The main ingredient of this sweetener is glucose with the presence of some other ingredients. It is the least sweet of all the types of sugar and it has a mild, slightly fruity, taste.

It has got the characteristic of having fewer calories. It is also considered to be an effective nutrient as it contains dietary fiber.

Structure of maltose                                             

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two α-D-glucose. Carbon 1 of the first α-D-glucose is linked to carbon 4 of the next glucose.

image showing the structure of maltose

The bond between carbon 1 of first α-D-glucose and carbon 4 of second α-D-glucose is called a glycosidic bond. The glycosidic linkage is formed with the elimination of water molecules. In isomaltose, the bond is formed between C1 and C6.

Physical properties of maltose

  • One of the glucose of maltose has a free aldehyde group, so maltose is counted as reducing sugar.
  • Maltose can be founded in powder or crystal form.
  • The chemical formula of maltose is C12H22O11.
  • The molecular weight of maltose is 342.3g/mol.
  • Its density is 1.54g.cm-3.
  • The melting point of maltose is 160-1650C.

Chemical properties of maltose

  • When treated with sulfuric acid, maltose gives carbon dioxide, water, and sulfur dioxide.

C12H22O11  +  24H2SO4 —> 12CO2 + 35H2O + 24SO2

  • On hydrolysis, maltose produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.

C12H22O11 + 4H2O —> 4C2H5OH + 4CO2

Applications of maltose

  • Maltose is also used in many areas. Some of its uses are given below:
  • As a component of the infant formula.
  • It is used in the food industry as a gelling agent.
  • In the production of cheese.
  • As a component in the baking industry.
  • It is often found in the bakery and confectionery industry.
  • It is also used as a component in the confectionery industry.
  • It is found in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • It is a food additive.
  • It is a component of the maltitol.
  • It is a component of maltodextrin.
  • Maltose is used in beverage industries, in the production of beer.
  • Maltose is frequently used in alcohol production.
  • Maltose when absorbed in the body break into glucose units which can be used by the body for energy production.
  • When glucose is deficient in the body, maltose is used as an energy source.
  • Maltose is absorbed into the small intestine through the membrane cells that make up the walls of the villi. It is digested in the stomach and gets converted to maltose-glucose. These monosaccharides enter the bloodstream and get distributed all over the body.
  • It is also beneficial for metabolism and helps to maintain the proper balance of cholesterol.
  • It is also found to be very helpful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
  • Maltose sugar helps to fight against infections and also it has anti-inflammatory properties.

Benefits of maltose

1. It has a low caloric content

2. The sweet taste of this sugar makes it easier for the consumer to consume.

3. It provides digestive enzymes to the body and aids in digestion.

4. It is used as an ingredient in the food industry.

5. It is often found in bread and biscuits.

6. It has a great role in the production of antibodies.

7. Maltose sugar is the best alternative to refined sugar as it is made from a natural source and is healthier than refined sugars. It is highly recommended for diabetics as it is not processed or manufactured like refined sugars

8. These sweeteners are also good for children as they won’t cause tooth decay.

9. It can also be used to make various other products, like chewing gum, candy, and ice cream.

10. These sweeteners can be used in baking, cooking, drinks, and other food products.

Drawbacks of maltose

  • This is a natural and healthy alternative to refined sugar but it is not good for people who have an allergy to gluten.
  • For example, people with celiac disease can’t eat gluten. So, for them to avoid any health issues or problems, it is suggested that they avoid eating anything that contains gluten.
  • It is also not recommended for people with kidney disorders.