Written by Adeel Abbas A buffer is a solution that can resist a change in pH. It is able to keep the solution’s pH stable by taking small amounts of acid and base. Specific and stable pH ranges are important for processes. Buffer solutions have a working pH range and capacity which dictate how much acid … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Nominal conditions in the atmosphere at sea level are referred to as standard temperature and pressure, abbreviated as STP. The value is important for physicists, chemists, engineers, pilots, and navigators. In other words, the standard temperature is zero degrees Celsius (0 0C), which equates to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 273.15 degrees kelvin. … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas A team of researchers in China and the U.S. developed a new type of aerogel that can be used in flexible thermal insulation material applications. The group describes how they made their aerogel in their paper published in the journal Nature. aerogels made with ceramic materials work well as thermal insulators, … Read more
Natural spring water can contain naturally occurring bacteria and other harmful microorganisms, which may cause illness or death when consumed. Do you know why is natural water not considered safe for drinking? The answer is very simple, the water is polluted. But when the water gets polluted, there is no way to know how bad … Read more
When we study organic chemistry, we see a reaction condition called reflux. Many students do not understand the meaning of reflux. Reflux is an important experimental technique in chemistry. Many organic chemical reactions take a long time to complete, so heat is applied in order to speed them up. High vapor pressures and low boiling … Read more
What are Electromagnetic Radiations? It is defined as a form of energy that is produced by the movement of charged particles through a matter or a vacuum. The magnetic and electric fields come at 90 to each other and the combined waves move to the other side of the field. Discovery of Electromagnetic Radiations? When … Read more
The main difference between an electron and a beta particle is that the electron is negatively charged while the beta particle can either be charged or not. The term elementary particles refer to particles with no structure. These particles cannot be separated into smaller parts. There are particles such as electrons and quarks. What is … Read more
Sodium vs Salt The main difference between sodium and salt is the difference of their chemical nature. Sodium is a single element, while salt is a compound composed of sodium and chloride ions. What is Sodium? One of the elements in the periodic table that is metallic in nature is the mineral sodium. In the … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Introduction to Beryllium? The lightest member of the family of alkaline earth metals has the atomic number of four and is in the periodic table. Its compounds are highly toxic and can cause cancer. The metal is soft and silvery-white. There are more than 30 mineral species that contain a beryl, bertrandite, … Read more
An international team of researchers, led by scientists at the University of Manchester, has developed a fast and economical method of converting methane, or natural gas, into liquid Methanol. The method uses visible light to drive the conversion under continuous flow. The researchers used the VISION instrument at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to observe how … Read more