Esters are fragrant compounds. These are used in flavoring of foods and the cosmetic industry. These are prepared by reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohols. Hence esters are considered derivatives of carboxylic acid. In this blog post, you can download chemistry notes of ester notes prepared by Adeel Abbas. Related chemistry pdf notes Download pdf … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas What is a lab experiment? An experiment is a scientific investigation carried out to support, refute or validate a hypothesis. The experiment may collect data that could not be obtained by other means (such as practical experience). The experiment is an integral part of the training program and laboratory work. The knowledge … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Scientists have recently discovered a new approach that has increased the number of useable kidney donors. This method is based on highly selective spectroscopic analysis in order to detect kidney injury. The results from this study can be used to diagnose kidney problems. This study was conducted at the University of … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Scientists from the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) recently reported a minimized synthetic carbon fixation cycle. To answer this question, scientists at IMCAS designed a minimized synthetic carbon fixation cycle based on thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of enzymatic reactions. This synthetic cycle contains only four reactions … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas This is a covalent bond in which the electron cloud overlap is directly between the nuclei of the atoms involved in the bonding. Characteristic of sigma bond A sigma bond will be formed using electrons in s orbitals, p orbitals or hybrid orbitals. A sigma bond will always be a single … Read more
Avogadro’s Law According to the Avogadro’s law equal volumes of all the gases at same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules. This definition of Avogadro’s law can be explained from the Avogadro’s hypothesis. This hypothesis says that all the ideal gases at standard temperature and pressure occupy a volume of 22.414 dm3. Let … Read more
Scientists have discovered antimicrobial food packaging materials that keep the food safe and healthy. This research was conducted at the Nanyang Technological University and Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health. The newly discovered food packaging material is biodegradable and waterproof. This is made from a protein called Zein that is found in corn starch … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Lithium is the lightest of all metals and is found in Group 1 of the periodic table. It has the symbol Li and an atomic number of 3. It is a silver-white metal that is very reactive and flammable. Lithium is part of the alkali metal group and can be found … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. in periodic table chlorine is present as … Read more
What is boiling point? Written by Adeel Abbas Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which vapor pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding it. This means that when the external pressure is lower, boiling points are also lower and vice versa. Vapor pressure of a liquid depends on its … Read more
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