Written by Adeel Abbas While certain reactions depend on the aromatic ring to speed up the reaction, many are unaffected by the presence of a neighboring benzene ring. For instance, the Clemmensen reduction works best when reducing aryl ketones to alkylbenzenes, while it can also be used to reduce aliphatic ketones to alkanes. Additional side-chain … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture of chemical compounds into its components. Definition of chromatography Imagine you have a jar of mixed colored candies, red, blue and green. And you want to separate the candies based on their colors. One way you could do this is by … Read more
Chemistry is an exciting and fascinating subject that offers a lot of opportunities for hands-on learning. In high school, students can explore a wide range of chemistry activities that help them understand the concepts they are learning in class and make connections between the classroom and the world around them. When I was a student … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Key points In organic chemistry there’s a type of chemical reaction where a certain type of molecule called a nucleophile, can take the place of another molecule (called a halide) that is bonded to an aromatic ring (Benzene). This reaction is called nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Think of it like a game … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas High school chemistry lesson plans are detailed plans that outline the objectives, activities, assessments, and materials needed to teach a specific topic or concept in chemistry. They are typically created by high school chemistry teachers and are designed to align with state and national standards for chemistry education. A high school … Read more
Written By Adeel Abbas Key Points Teaching Chemistry in a fun way is not that difficult if you know what you’re doing. But sometimes even the most enthusiastic teachers run into a wall when they don’t know how to teach Chemistry in a fun way. By fun way i am not suggesting you to read … Read more
Written By Adeel Abbas Benzene will only add 2, 4, or 6 functional groups during an audition process, with no byproducts produced. The carbons at either end of a carbon-carbon double bond are often added to these additional processes, adding two portions of a simple molecule. The stability of benzene and its compounds is substantially … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas The introduction of a nitro group into toluene is called nitration of toluene. Nitro group acts as a electrophile. Explanation: Toluene reacts around 25 times more quickly than benzene in the nitration reaction. In order to prevent the substitution of more than one nitro group, a lower temperature would be used … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Discovery of benzene The discovery of benzene is generally attributed to the German chemist Friedrich August Kekulé. In the 1850s and 1860s, Kekulé proposed that the carbon atoms in benzene were arranged in a ring, with alternating double bonds. He also proposed that these double bonds were delocalized, meaning that the … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas The introduction of a halogen into benzene is called the halogenation of benzene. Definition of halogenation of benzene Halogenation is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. In electrophilic aromatic substitutions, benzene is attacked by an electrophile which results in the substitution of hydrogen. Halogens are not sufficiently electrophilic to react with … Read more