On this category you can find the easily understandable topic of organic chemistry.
Written by Adeel Abbas Introduction to organic chemistry Knowing about fundamental principles of organic chemistry is much worthy. Because it is better to know about the priniciples of organic chemistry before diving in organic chemistry books. Historical approach towards organic chemistry In early days of chemistry the scientists were not able to distinguish between organic … Read more
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are a significant class of organic compounds that serve as the foundational building blocks in the realm of chemistry and industry. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are an integral part of our daily lives, finding applications in various sectors due to their versatile properties and structures. Definition of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain … Read more
Nomenclature is the systematic process of naming chemical compounds in a way that accurately and precisely describes their composition, structure, and properties. It is an essential aspect of chemistry that allows scientists, researchers, educators, and other professionals to communicate effectively and unambiguously about various substances. Nomenclature provides a common language for discussing and categorizing a … Read more
Written By Adeel Abbas Definition Those groups that direct incoming groups to meta position are called meta-directing groups. We can also define it as “Electron withdrawing groups in the aromatic ring are called meta-directing groups.” For better understanding also read my article on ortho-para directing groups. Examples of Meta directing groups Some of the important … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Definition Those groups that direct incoming groups to ortho and para positions are called ortho-para directing groups. In other words “Electron donating groups in the aromatic ring are called ortho-para directing groups.” For better understand also read my article on meta directing groups. Examples of ortho-para directing groups Some of the … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas What is nucleophile? A nucleophile is a chemical species that has a tendency to donate electrons in a chemical reaction. They are typically negatively charged atoms or molecules that have a high electron density. Definition of nucleophile Key Points Examples of nucleophile Applications of nucleophile In organic chemistry, nucleophiles play a … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas An electrophile is a chemical species that has a tendency to accept electrons in a chemical reaction. They are typically positively charged or neutral atoms or molecules that have a high electron density. Definition of electrophile Key points Examples of electrophiles In organic chemistry, electrophiles are important reactants in electrophilic substitution … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas While certain reactions depend on the aromatic ring to speed up the reaction, many are unaffected by the presence of a neighboring benzene ring. For instance, the Clemmensen reduction works best when reducing aryl ketones to alkylbenzenes, while it can also be used to reduce aliphatic ketones to alkanes. Additional side-chain … Read more
Written by Adeel Abbas Key points In organic chemistry there’s a type of chemical reaction where a certain type of molecule called a nucleophile, can take the place of another molecule (called a halide) that is bonded to an aromatic ring (Benzene). This reaction is called nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Think of it like a game … Read more
Written By Adeel Abbas Benzene will only add 2, 4, or 6 functional groups during an audition process, with no byproducts produced. The carbons at either end of a carbon-carbon double bond are often added to these additional processes, adding two portions of a simple molecule. The stability of benzene and its compounds is substantially … Read more